Main apke liye ak nihayat hi aasan muiltypal electric calculator lekar aaya hon Jahan ap Sirf APNA item aur uska distance add karain aur apko rusalt mil jae ga ke kon sa wire lagge ga Kitna Lage ga kon sa breaker lagge ga last main muilty function calculator he usse faida utha sakte Hain . Is ko castamor aur technician dono ke liye haqeeqi farmule per design kia gaya he Mera kam Sirf insaniyat ki khidmat aur rizq e halal kamana he jazzak Allah apka mashkoor Sameer Ali
Electrical circuit breakers (MCBs) ka intikhab karte waqt sirf ampere (load) dekhna kafi nahi hota, balkeh unki Type (Curve) dekhna zaroori hai takay sahi hifazat mil sakay.
Breakers ki main char types hoti hain jo gharon aur industry mein istemal hoti hain:
1. B-Type Breaker
Ye breaker bohat sensitive hota hai. Jab current iski rating se 3 se 5 guna barhta hai, to ye foran trip ho jata hai.
- Kahan use karein: Ghar ki aam lights, computer, aur aise electronic devices jin mein koi heavy motor na ho.
- Fayda: Ye halkay se jhatkay par bhi trip ho kar sensitive cheezon ko bacha leta hai.
2. C-Type Breaker
Ye sab se zyada istemal hone wala breaker hai. Ye tab trip hota hai jab current iski rating se 5 se 10 guna barhay.
- Kahan use karein: Fans, fridge, washing machine, aur air conditioners (AC).
- Wajah: In cheezon ko start hone ke liye shuru mein thora zyada current (surge) chahiye hota hai, C-type us chotay jhatkay par trip nahi hota lekin short circuit par foran gir jata hai.
3. D-Type Breaker
Ye breaker heavy duty hota hai aur current ke 10 se 20 guna barhne par trip hota hai.
- Kahan use karein: Bari industrial motors, welding machines, aur heavy transformers.
- Wajah: Ye sirf wahan lagaya jata hai jahan shuruati load (starting torque) bohat zyada ho. Gharon mein iska istemal nahi hota kyunke ye aam fault par trip nahi hoga aur wiring jal sakti hai.
4. K-Type aur Z-Type
Ye special breakers hain jo bohat hi sensitive electronics ya control circuits mein lagaye jate hain takay micro-seconds mein hifazat mil sakay.
Sahi Breaker Chunne ke liye Zaruri Points:
|
Load ki Type |
Best Breaker Type |
Misal |
|---|---|---|
|
Resistive Load |
B-Type |
LED Bulbs, Heaters, Computers |
|
Inductive Load |
C-Type |
Motor, AC, Water Pump |
|
High Surge Load |
D-Type |
Heavy Machinery, Large Transformers |
Nukta (Pro-Tip): Hamesha load ke mutabiq sahi ampere (e.g., 6A, 10A, 16A, 20A) aur sahi curve (B ya C) check karke lagayein. Agar motor par B-type lagayenge to wo baar baar trip karega, aur agar lights par D-type lagayenge to short circuit hone par bhi breaker nahi girega.
Har item ki nature alag hoti hai, isliye breaker ka intikhab karte waqt uski Inrush Current (wo current jo machine start hote waqt leti hai) ko zehan mein rakhna zaroori hota hai.
Niche di gayi tafseel se aap har item ke liye behtar breaker samajh sakte hain:
1. Ghar ki Light aur Computer (B-Type)
Ye items sensitive hote hain aur in mein koi motor nahi hoti.
- Best Type: B-Type
- Items: LED bulbs, energy savers, computers, laptops, aur TV.
- Wajah: Ye breakers current ke mamooli izafay par bhi foran trip ho jate hain, jis se delicate electronics jalne se bach jate hain.
2. Motor aur AC (C-Type)
Aise items jin mein compressor ya motor lagi ho, wo start hote waqt apni normal rating se 3 se 5 guna zyada current lete hain.
- Best Type: C-Type
- Items: Air conditioner (AC), water pump (donkey pump/submersible), fridge, washing machine, aur fans.
- Wajah: C-type breaker start-up ka wo chota sa jhatka (surge) bardasht kar leta hai aur bina wajah trip nahi hota, lekin short circuit par mukammal hifazat deta hai.
3. Kitchen Appliances aur Iron (B ya C-Type)
Kitchen mein istemal hone wali cheezein do tarah ki hoti hain:
- Heater/Iron/Toaster: In ke liye B-Type behtar hai kyunke ye resistive load hain.
- Microwave/Juicer Blender: In mein motor aur transformer hota hai, isliye inke liye C-Type zyada munasib rehta hai takay load lene par breaker bar bar na gire.
4. Solar Inverter aur Battery (DC Breakers)
Solar system ke liye hamesha DC Breakers ka istemal karein (AC breakers DC par sahi kaam nahi karte).
- PV (Panels) ke liye: Panels ke voltage aur current ke mutabiq 2-pole DC breaker.
- Battery ke liye: High ampere DC breaker (jese 100A ya 125A) jo battery ke short circuit ko handle kar sakay.
Khulasa: Kis cheez par kia lagayein?
|
Item |
Munasib Breaker |
Rating (Misal) |
|---|---|---|
|
Pura Kamra (Lights + Fans) |
C-Type |
6A ya 10A |
|
1.5 Ton AC |
C-Type |
20A ya 25A |
|
Water Pump (1 HP) |
C-Type |
16A |
|
Iron / Microwave |
C-Type |
16A |
|
Main DB (Ghar ka Main) |
C-Type |
32A, 40A, ya 63A |
Zaruri Baat: Hamesha koshish karein ke breaker kisi achay brand ka ho jese abb/hegar/terasaki/simens/mollar/ aur us par Short Circuit Capacity (kA) zaroor likhi ho (kam az kam 6kA ya 10kA).
Breaker aur wire ka sahi talluq (match) hona bohat zaroori hai. Agar breaker bara ho aur wire patli, to wire jal jayegi lekin breaker trip nahi hoga.
Wire ka size hamesha breaker ki capacity se thora zyada hona chahiye takay wiring garam na ho. Pakistan mein aam taur par wire ko mm (millimeter) ya gauge mein napa jata hai.
Niche di gayi table se aap sahi andaza laga sakte hain:
Wire aur Breaker Selection Table
|
Breaker Rating (Amps) |
Wire Size (mm) |
Common Use (Istamal) |
|---|---|---|
|
6A - 10A |
1.5 mm |
Lighting, Fans, ya Single Room load |
|
16A - 20A |
2.5 mm |
Socket circuits, Iron, Microwave, 1 Ton AC |
|
20A - 32A |
4.0 mm |
1.5 Ton / 2 Ton AC, Geyser, Main Power lines |
|
40A - 50A 10.mm |
6.0 mm |
Main DB (Distribution Board) ya Heavy Load |
|
63A 10.mm. |
16.0 mm |
Main Entrance Cable (Pura ghar ka load) |
Bhetreen wiring ke liye separate circuit hona bhoht zarori he jisse nuqsan ka andesha 0 rehta he aur her circuit ke liye separate pipe use ho to sone per sohaga he ..
Kuch Aham Mashwaray:
- Copper vs Aluminum: Upar di gayi table Pure Copper (Tambay) ki wire ke liye hai. Agar aap Aluminum wire use kar rahe hain, to aapko double thickness ki wire dalni paray gi kyunke uski conductivity kam hoti hai.
- Distance (Fasla): Agar wire ki lambai 100 feet se zyada hai, to Voltage Drop se bachne ke liye hamesha ek size bari wire lagayein (maslan agar 2.5mm banti hai to 4mm lagayein).
- Quality: Hamesha 99.9% pure copper wire istemal karein. Sasti ya mix wire jaldi garam ho jati hai aur bijli ka bill bhi zyada karti hai.
Short Formula (Pehchan ke liye):
Ek aam asool ye hai ke wire ki current carrying capacity hamesha breaker ki rating se 20% to 25% zyada honi chahiye. Is tarah fault ki surat mein breaker pehle trip hoga aur aapki mhengi wire mehfooz rahegi.
Kitne amp kitna units west kerte Hain 1 ghante main.. (ans)
(Qs) Ye ek bohat aham sawal hai kyunke aksar log samajhte hain ke ampere zyada hone se units zyada zaya hote hain, lekin asal mein units ka talluq Voltage aur Waqt (Time) se hota hai.
Units (kWh) calculate karne ke liye humein ye dekhna hota hai ke wo cheez kitne Watts le rahi hai.
Units Calculate Karne ka Formula:
Agar hum Pakistan ke standard voltage (220\text{V}) ko zehan mein rakhein, to 1 ghante mein mukhtalif amperes par itne units bante hain:
|
Amperes (A) |
Watts (Approx @ 220V) |
1 Ghante mein Units |
|---|---|---|
|
1 Ampere |
220 Watts |
0.22 Units |
|
2 Amperes |
440 Watts |
0.44 Units |
|
5 Amperes |
1,100 Watts (1.1 kW) |
1.1 Units |
|
10 Amperes |
2,200 Watts (2.2 kW) |
2.2 Units |
|
15 Amperes |
3,300 Watts (3.3 kW) |
3.3 Units |
Iska Asal Matlab Kya Hai? (Misal ke taur par)
- 1 Ampere ka load: Agar koi cheez 1 ampere le rahi hai (jese 4-5 fans), to wo taqreeban 4.5 ghante chalne par 1 unit khayegi.
- 5 Ampere ka load: Agar koi cheez 5 ampere le rahi hai (jese ek 1.5 ton ka AC jab full load par ho), to wo har ghante 1 unit se thora zyada khayegi.
- 10 Ampere ka load: Ye taqreeban 2 units se zyada per hour bante hain (jese iron aur toaster ek saath chal rahe hon).
Units Bachane ke liye Tips:
- Power Factor: Agar aapka load inductive hai (motors waghaira), to kharab power factor ki wajah se amperes barh jate hain aur units zyada zaya hote hain. Capacitors ka sahi istemal amperes kam kar sakta hai.
- Voltage Drop: Agar wire patli hai aur voltage drop ho raha hai, to motor chalne ke liye zyada ampere khenchegi, jis se billing par asar parta hai aur wire bhi garam hoti hai.
Wiring ki pamaish (measurement) ka andaza lagana aik fun hai. Agar andaza ghalat ho jaye to ya to wire kam par jati hai ya mhenga copper zaya hota hai.
Wiring ki pamaish nikalne ke liye aap niche diye gaye tareeqon ko istemal kar sakte hain:
1. Point-to-Point Measurement (Asal Tareeqa)
Sab se behtar tareeqa ye hai ke aap har point ka rasta check karein:
- Switch Board se Point tak: Ceiling rose ya fan box tak jitne feet bante hain, us mein 2 feet extra dalein (loops aur joints ke liye).
- DB se Switch Board tak: Main distribution board se kamray ke board tak ki lambai napein aur is mein 3 se 5 feet extra rakhein takay DB mein dressing sahi se ho sakay.
2. Standard Room Estimate (Sarsari Andaza)
Agar aap aik normal size ke kamray (12 \times 12 feet) ki wiring kar rahe hain, to aam taur par:
- Lighting aur Fans (1.5mm): Aik kamray ke liye taqreeban 1 se 1.5 coil (90 meters/coil) lag jati hai.
- Power Sockets/AC (2.5mm ya 4mm): Ye is baat par depend karta hai ke DB kamray se kitni door hai. Aam taur par 0.5 coil per room lagti hai.
3. Thumb Rule (Tezi se andaza lagane ke liye)
Baray projects ya gharon ke liye expert electrician ye formula istemal karte hain:
Total Marla/Square Feet x 3: Jitne square feet ka lenter (roof) hai, usay 3 se multiply kar dein. Ye aapko total wire ki lambai (feet mein) ka aik rough idea de dega.
Circuit counting: Jitne circuits DB se nikal rahe hain, unki average lambai ko multiply karein. Maslan, agar 10 circuits hain aur average doori 40 feet hai, to
10 \times 40 = 400
4. Wire Ki "Lari" Gin-ne ka Tarika
Jab aap conduit (piping) dal leti hain, to steel wire (fish tape) piping ke andar guzarein.
- Steel wire ko pipe ke aik siray se dusre tak dalein.
- Steel wire bahar nikal kar uski lambai napein.
- Jitni lambai nikle, usay "Number of Wires" (maslan Phase, Neutral, Earth) se multiply kar dein.
Kuch Zaroori Mashwaray (Wastage se bachne ke liye):
- Color Coding: Hamesha Phase (Red), Neutral (Black), aur Earth (Green/Yellow) ke liye alag rang ki wire lein. Is se baad mein fault dhundne mein aasani hoti hai.
- Coil vs Loose: Hamesha poori coil (90 meters) khareedein, kyunke khulli wire mhengi parti hai aur joints zyada ate hain.
- Neutral Loop: Har point ke liye DB se neutral lane ki zaroorat nahi, kamray ke andar neutral ko loop karne se wire ki kaafi bachat ho jati hai. .........!
Solid aur Stranded (jisay aam tor par "7-strand" ya "flexible" bhi kaha jata hai) wire ke darmiyan farq unki lachak aur conductivity ka hota hai. Dono ke maqsad alag hain:
1. Solid Wire (Single Core)
Ye aik thos (single) copper wire hoti hai. Ye bilkul seedhi aur sakht hoti hai.
-
Kahan use hoti hai:
- Main Service Entrance: Jahan se bijli ghar ke andar dakhil hoti hai.
- In-Wall Wiring: Deewaron ke andar jo conduits (pipes) hote hain wahan ye behtar rehti hai kyunke ye lamba arsa chalti hai aur corrosion (zang) se mehfooz rehti hai.
- Switch Boards: Board ke andar ki wiring mein jahan wires ko fix rehna ho.
- Fayde: Ye sasti hoti hai aur iski current carrying capacity lambay arsay tak barqarar rehti hai.
- Nuksan: Isay bar bar morna (bend karna) mushkil hota hai. Agar zyada mora jaye to ye toot sakti hai.
2. Stranded Wire (Multiple Strands / 7-Strand)
Is mein copper ki barik barik bohat sari wires mil kar aik core banati hain.
- Kahan use hoti hai:
-
- Electronic Appliances: Fridge, Iron, Oven ki cables mein (taqreban har portable cheez mein).
- Solar Systems: Solar panels aur inverters ke darmiyan stranded wires use hoti hain kyunke inhein corners aur corners se guzarna lachak ki wajah se asan hota hai.
- Control Panels: Jahan circuits bohat congested (tang) hote hain.
- Earth Wire: Aksar earthing ke liye stranded wire behtar samjhi jati hai.
- 1
- Fayde:
- Ye bohat lachakdar hoti hai aur bar bar hilne ya murne se tootti nahi hai. Vibrations (larzish) wali jagahon ke liye yehi behtar hai.
- 2
- Nuksan:
- Ye thori mhengi hoti hai aur connections ke waqt iske strands phailne ka khatra hota hai (is liye yahan lugs ya thimbles lagana zaroori hota hai).
Kaun si wire kab chunein?
|
Feature |
Solid Wire |
Stranded Wire |
|---|---|---|
|
Lachak (Flexibility) |
Kam (Sakht) |
Bohat Zyada |
|
Durable (Life) |
Bohat lambi (Deewar ke andar) |
Behtar (Hilne wali cheezon ke liye) |
|
Qeemat |
Kam |
Zyada |
|
Behtar Istemal |
Fixed wiring (Pipes/Walls) |
Portable |
DC load, khaas tor par solar system ya battery bank ke liye Stranded Wire (jisay aam tor par "flexible" bhi kaha jata hai) hi sab se behtareen aur munasib rehti hai.
Is ki kuch technical aur practical wajohaat hain jo aap ke kaam ayengi:
1. "Skin Effect" aur DC Current
DC current wire ki poori satah (surface) ko istemal karta hai. Stranded wire mein kyunke bohat saari barik tarein hoti hain, is liye iska Surface Area solid wire ke muqable mein zyada hota hai. Is se current ka flow behtar hota hai aur wire kam garam hoti hai.
2. Vibrations aur Connections
Battery aur Inverter ke terminals par aksar thori bohat vibration ya khichao hota hai.
- Stranded/Flexible: Ye lachakdar hoti hai, is liye connections dhilay nahi hote aur na hi wire andar se break hoti hai.
- Solid: Agar solid wire ko thora sa bhi hilaya jaye ya mora jaye, to terminal par pressure parta hai jis se sparking ka khatra barh jata hai.
3. Solar Panels aur Inverter ke Darmiyan
Solar panels se inverter tak jo wire aati hai (PV Wire), wo hamesha multi-strand (flexible) hoti hai. Is ki wajah ye hai ke:
- Pipes aur corners se guzarna asan hota hai.
- Dhoop aur garmi mein solid wire jaldi sakht ho kar crack ho sakti hai, jabke stranded wire apni lachak barqarar rakhti hai.
Kia "Aam Flexible" Wire DC ke liye sahi hai?
Yahan aik cheez ka khayal rakhna bohat zaroori hai: Flexible aur Quality Flexible mein farq hota hai.
- Ghar ki aam flexible (Pati wire): Jo hum fans ya lamps ke liye late hain, wo DC load (ziyada amperes) ke liye hamesha behtar nahi hoti kyunke uski insulation (plastic) halki hoti hai aur wo DC ka high current bardasht nahi kar sakti.
- Special DC Flexible Wire: Solar aur battery ke liye hamesha Tin-Plated Copper ya achi quality ki Multi-strand Pure Copper wire istemal karein jis ki insulation moti (Double Insulated) ho.
Summary: Kahan konsi munasib hai?
- Battery se Inverter tak:
- Hamesha moti stranded wire (maslan 16mm, 25mm ya 35mm multi-strand) use karein.
- Solar Panel se Inverter tak:
- 4mm ya 6mm ki specialized Solar Stranded cable.
- DC Fans/Lights:
- In ke liye aap aam 1.5mm ya 2.5mm ki stranded (flexible) wire use kar sakte hain.
Mashwara Mera zatti :
DC system mein Volts kam aur Amperes zyada hote hain, is liye koshish karein ke "Flexible" wire ka size (gauge) hamesha thora bara rakhein takay voltage drop na ho aur aap ka system full efficiency de.
